Applications: To see the frequency response of an amplifier and a filter. Remember, integration is basically the process of summation. Analysis: Bode Plots, gain and phase plots, and phasor analysis. Added to this will be a constant that represents the output of the network at t 0. The output voltage is the result of the definite integral of Vin from time 0 to some arbitrary time t. Open Circuit Social Share Circuit Description Circuit Graph This circuit presents a Common Emmitter Amplifier circuit built with an NPN Biplolar Junction Transistor (BJT). The resulting signal could then be compared to a predetermined maximum. The basic operation of an integrator is shown in Figure 10.2.1. For example, the heat stress on a given transducer might be found by integrating the signal across it. As long as the input signal stays within the op amp's frequency limits, well above the noise floor, and the output does not saturate, accurate integration results.Ĭircuits of this type can be used to model any number of physical processes. Generally, slew rate performance is not paramount, as integrators tend to “smooth out” signal variations. The limited frequency response and noise characteristics of the op amp will also play a role in the ultimate circuit accuracy. One possible solution is to use an FET input op amp. If the input signal current is relatively low, the idealization that all of the input current will bypass the op amp and flow directly into the capacitor is no longer realistic. One possible source is the op amp's input bias current. Small errors occur due to the approximations made.

How to bode plot amplifier multisim